国际能源署：2024年世界能源展望特别报告：可负担且公平的清洁能源转型战略（英文版）

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报告摘要

World Energy Outlook Special ReportStrategies for Affordable and Fair Clean Energy TransitionsINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYIEA member countries:Australia Austria BelgiumCanadaCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinland France Germany Greece HungaryIreland ItalyJapanKoreaLithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand NorwayPoland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of Trkiye United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil,gas and coal supply and demand,renewable energy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand side management and much more.Through its work,the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries,13 association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.Source:IEA.International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.orgRevised version,June 2024 Information notice found at:www.iea.org/correctionsForeword 3 Foreword The last few years have been tough for many energy consumers around the world,with high energy prices putting a lot of pressure on the cost of living.The effects have been most severe for low-income countries and households.This has rightly put issues of affordability and fairness at the centre of the energy debate.For an honest assessment of the situation,we need to be clear about where these pressures on the cost of living have come from.The global energy cris that escalated in early 2022 was not caused by clean energy.Since the early days of the cris,I have been speaking regularly with energy p