Read more about When the Rules No Longer Rule: The EU and Canada’s Responses to Trump’s Tariffs

报告摘要

The erosion of the WTO-based multilateral trading system, accelerated by Trump’s tariff offensive since 2025, has challenged the foundations of the EU and Canada’s economic models, centred on openness and rules. While Canada’s deeper integration with the US and Europe’s broader dependencies shape different vulnerabilities, both have pursued negotiated settlements and accelerated diversification through new trade agreements.